軟化水設備
一、工作原理
天然水中含有鈣、鎂離子及雜質等,直接進入鍋爐后,不斷蒸發(fā)、濃縮,達到過飽和程度時,在鍋爐的金屬表面上,以固體析出沉淀物硫酸鈣、*、硅酸鈣等,稱之水垢.水垢可能會造成以下危害:
1.水垢的導熱系數小,結垢后會使受熱面?zhèn)鳠崆闆r惡化,降低鍋爐熱效率,浪費燃料.
2.金屬的熱量不易傳遞給爐水,溫度急劇升高,從而導致受壓部件過熱變形,鼓皰,甚至爆破.
3.水管結垢后,破壞正常水循環(huán),易造成爆管事故.
4.結垢后需經常停爐清洗,增加檢修費用,耗費人力,物力.且經常使用機械,化學方法除垢,會使受熱面受到損傷,縮短鍋爐使用年限.
故如在天然水進入鍋爐之前將其軟化,除去鈣、鎂離子,可避免水垢產生.
全自動軟化水設備是采用鈉樹脂（NaR）將原水中的硬度成分Ca2+、Mg2+置換出去，使原水得到軟化，其反應為：
2NaR + Ca2+（Mg2+）=== R2Ca（Mg）+2Na+
當樹脂吸附到一定量的Ca2+、Mg2+后失效，用飽和鹽水（NaCl）浸泡恢復其交換能力（再生），其反應為：
R2Ca（Mg）+2Na+=== 2NaR + Ca2+（Mg2+）
再生過程包括：反洗（松動樹脂層）—— 吸鹽慢洗（反應）—— 正洗（將Ca2+、Mg2+沖凈）—— 注水（為下次再生準備）。
（Deionized water） soft water equipment
First, the working principle
Natural water contains calcium and magnesium ions and impurities, etc., directly into the boiler, the continued evaporation, concentration, reaching saturation levels, in the boiler of the metal surface, the solid precipitates precipitate calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium silicate, etc. termed scale. scale may cause the following hazards:
1. The scale of the thermal conductivity, Heat transfer fouling will cause deterioration and reduce the thermal efficiency and waste fuel.
2. Metal heat transfer to the boiler water is not easy, rapid temperature rise, leading to overheating of compression deformation of parts, drum blister, or even burst.
3. Water Tube, the disruption of normal circulation, could easily lead to tube rupture.
4. Scaling required frequent shutdown after cleaning, increased maintenance costs, cost of manpower, material resources. And often the use of mechanical, chemical cleaning, heating surface damage will shorten the life of the boiler.
Therefore, as in natural water to soften before entering the boiler, remove the calcium and magnesium ions can be generated to avoid the scale.
Sodium softened water is the use of automatic equipment, resin （NaR） the original hardness of the water composition Ca2 +, Mg2 + replacement out to be softening of raw water, the reaction is:
2NaR + Ca2 + （Mg2 +）=== R2Ca （Mg） +2 Na +
When the resin to a certain amount of Ca2 +, Mg2 + after the failure, with saturated brine （NaCl） soaked to restore its exchange capacity （regeneration）, the reaction is:
R2Ca （Mg） +2 Na + === 2NaR + Ca2 + （Mg2 +）
Regeneration process, including: anti-wash （loose resin layer） - slow wash salt absorption （reaction） - washing （to be Ca2 +, Mg2 + rinse） - water （prepared for the next regeneration.）
