一、傳感器靜態(tài)
傳感器的靜態(tài)特性是指對(duì)靜態(tài)的輸入信號(hào)，傳感器的輸出量與輸入量之間所具有相互關(guān)系。因?yàn)檫@時(shí)輸入量和輸出量都和時(shí)間無關(guān)，所以它們之間的關(guān)系，即傳感器的靜態(tài)特性可用一個(gè)不含時(shí)間變量的代數(shù)方程，或以輸入量作橫坐標(biāo)，把與其對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出量作縱坐標(biāo)而畫出的特性曲線來描述。表征傳感器靜態(tài)特性的主要參數(shù)有：線性度、靈敏度、遲滯、重復(fù)性、漂移等。
(1)線性度：指?jìng)鞲衅鬏敵隽颗c輸入量之間的實(shí)際關(guān)系曲線偏離擬合直線的程度。定義為在全量程范圍內(nèi)實(shí)際特性曲線與擬合直線之間的大偏差值與滿量程輸出值之比。
(2)靈敏度：靈敏度是傳感器靜態(tài)特性的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。其定義為輸出量的增量與引起該增量的相應(yīng)輸入量增量之比。用S表示靈敏度。
(3)遲滯：傳感器在輸入量由小到大(正行程)及輸入量由大到小(反行程)變化期間其輸入輸出特性曲線不重合的現(xiàn)象成為遲滯。對(duì)于同一大小的輸入信號(hào)，傳感器的正反行程輸出信號(hào)大小不相等，這個(gè)差值稱為遲滯差值。
(4)重復(fù)性：重復(fù)性是指?jìng)鞲衅髟谳斎肓堪赐环较蜃魅砍踢B續(xù)多次變化時(shí)，所得特性曲線不一致的程度。
(5)漂移：傳感器的漂移是指在輸入量不變的情況下，傳感器輸出量隨著時(shí)間變化，此現(xiàn)象稱為漂移。產(chǎn)生漂移的原因有兩個(gè)方面：一是傳感器自身結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);二是周圍環(huán)境(如溫度、濕度等)。
(6)分辨力：當(dāng)傳感器的輸入從非零值緩慢增加時(shí)，在超過某一增量后輸出發(fā)生可觀測(cè)的變化，這個(gè)輸入增量稱傳感器的分辨力，即小輸入增量。
(7)閾值：當(dāng)傳感器的輸入從零值開始緩慢增加時(shí)，在達(dá)到某一值后輸出發(fā)生可觀測(cè)的變化，這個(gè)輸入值稱傳感器的閾值電壓。
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