近日,華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)食品科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院潘思軼教授領(lǐng)銜的果蔬加工化學(xué)與綜合利用團(tuán)隊(duì),針對(duì)氣候變化緊迫形勢(shì)與國(guó)家碳中和戰(zhàn)略需求,綜合研究了大宗水果柑橘?gòu)U棄物的減排潛力,提出了柑橘副產(chǎn)物助力全球碳中和目標(biāo)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的創(chuàng)新技術(shù)和解決方案。相關(guān)成果以“Trends in valorization of citrus by-products from the net-zero perspective: Green processing innovation combined with applications in emission reduction”為題,在線發(fā)表在Trends in Food Science & Technology上。該成果有望為柑橘副產(chǎn)物綜合利用產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供引領(lǐng),并在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面做出積極貢獻(xiàn),進(jìn)一步激發(fā)社會(huì)對(duì)生物質(zhì)廢料助力碳中和目標(biāo)的濃厚興趣。
氣候變化是全人類面臨的緊迫挑戰(zhàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)全球碳中和目標(biāo)需要各行業(yè)的共同思考和努力。柑橘作為世界上種植面積和產(chǎn)量最大的水果,其規(guī)模龐大的種植與加工過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生了大量的副產(chǎn)物,這些副產(chǎn)物通常被遺留在環(huán)境中造成污染與碳排。盡管少部分柑橘副產(chǎn)物可以通過(guò)提取其活性成分并應(yīng)用于食品、醫(yī)藥與化妝品等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域,實(shí)現(xiàn)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,但當(dāng)前加工工業(yè)清潔化水平仍然較低,這類增值行為可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致能源的密集消耗和減排材料的嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi)。在碳中和愿景下,亟待通過(guò)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新推動(dòng)綠色低碳加工產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,并逐漸引導(dǎo)這類生物質(zhì)資源的應(yīng)用方向朝向碳減排領(lǐng)域。
該成果綜合研究了柑橘副產(chǎn)物在實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和目標(biāo)方面的巨大潛力,涵蓋了產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)地、成分特點(diǎn)以及利用現(xiàn)狀等多個(gè)關(guān)鍵要素。文章指出,柑橘副產(chǎn)物實(shí)現(xiàn)循環(huán)無(wú)廢利用以達(dá)到其最大經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值是一項(xiàng)值得肯定的舉措。然而,在短期內(nèi),柑橘?gòu)U棄物的無(wú)害化加工與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的良性循環(huán)仍面臨一系列挑戰(zhàn)。面對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn),柑橘增值產(chǎn)業(yè)迫切需要進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整,以適應(yīng)當(dāng)下的環(huán)境需求。
在碳中和的愿景下,潘思軼教授提出了建立柑橘副產(chǎn)物綜合利用針對(duì)氣候變化的新應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制和發(fā)展模式。這一前瞻性觀點(diǎn)聚焦于減少加工過(guò)程中的碳足跡,并鼓勵(lì)產(chǎn)品在減排領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,以平衡和抵消加工帶來(lái)的碳排放,實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展模式。這一模式有望解決循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)中經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境之間的矛盾,實(shí)現(xiàn)雙贏局面。
文章總結(jié)了一系列降低柑橘副產(chǎn)物加工碳足跡的綠色技術(shù),其中包括熱/非熱加工技術(shù)、數(shù)字化技術(shù)以及利用天然能源進(jìn)行加工的創(chuàng)新方法。從加工設(shè)備、輔助手段以及能源結(jié)構(gòu)等多個(gè)角度對(duì)加工過(guò)程的能源損耗進(jìn)行全面優(yōu)化,以實(shí)現(xiàn)最大程度的減排效益。同時(shí),還列舉了一系列替代有機(jī)溶劑的前沿技術(shù)和方法,以提升加工過(guò)程的環(huán)保性和可持續(xù)性。這些技術(shù)的應(yīng)用有望為柑橘副產(chǎn)物利用環(huán)節(jié)帶來(lái)革命性的轉(zhuǎn)變,為實(shí)現(xiàn)資源高效利用、廢物最小化和環(huán)境友好的生產(chǎn)方式開(kāi)辟新的道路,對(duì)推動(dòng)加工產(chǎn)業(yè)綠色轉(zhuǎn)型和構(gòu)建可持續(xù)未來(lái)做出卓越貢獻(xiàn)。
柑橘副產(chǎn)物以其豐富的類型和成分,賦予其卓越的減排潛力,為減少糧食系統(tǒng)中的碳足跡提供了有力支持。這些潛力包括土壤碳固定、畜牧業(yè)甲烷管理、開(kāi)發(fā)低碳食品以調(diào)整消費(fèi)者的飲食模式,以及減少食物浪費(fèi)等方面。此外,柑橘副產(chǎn)物還可開(kāi)發(fā)作為生物質(zhì)能源,以推動(dòng)能源結(jié)構(gòu)的重組與優(yōu)化,如生物柴油、生物燃料電池和可燃?xì)怏w等。同時(shí),柑橘副產(chǎn)物還與日常生活、環(huán)境治理和能量?jī)?chǔ)備等領(lǐng)域的可持續(xù)材料密切相關(guān)。這些創(chuàng)新途徑為實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了巨大潛力,并為解決環(huán)境和能源挑戰(zhàn)做出了積極而富有前瞻性的貢獻(xiàn)。
華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)食品科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院博士研究生徐港為論文第一作者,潘思軼教授為論文通訊作者。該成果受到了國(guó)家柑橘產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系和湖北省重大科技專項(xiàng)等項(xiàng)目資助。
【英文摘要】
Climate change is a serious challenge for all humans, and global net-zero targets can only be achieved with collaborative endeavors from various industries. Citrus is one of the largest fruit industries in the world, and vast quantities of citrus by-products (CBP) are produced due to large-scale planting and processing activities. However, CBP are usually left in the environment, leading to economic loss, environmental pollution, and carbon emissions. Even though a small fraction of CBP can be valorized, the processing may cause energy loss and secondary pollution. For global net-zero targets, there is an urgent need for technological innovation to develop green low-carbon processing industries and facilitate better utilization of citrus biomass resources to reduce carbon emissions.
This review summarizes the far-reaching impacts of CBP management on climate change, and proposes innovative technologies and solutions for CBP to facilitate sustainable development and global carbon neutrality goals.
CBP exhibit great potential for achieving net-zero targets in terms of yield, utilization status, and composition characteristics. The carbon footprint during processing can be reduced through green equipment and solvents, as well as renewable energy sources and digital aids. Besides, the rich variety of by-product types and compositions contribute to great potential to reduce carbon footprint in food systems (soil carbon sequestration, management of livestock methane (CH4), development of low-carbon food, and reduction of food waste), develop biomass energy (biodiesel, biofuel cells and combustible gases), and sustainable materials for livelihood, pollution control and energy storage.【
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